Yes, with the modern high bypass turbofans the N1 compressor works as a huge propeller, it takes a big mass of air and gives it a relative small acceleration.

Around 70% of the air will bypass the core of the engine, only 30% of air will be compressed further and will eventually go through the combustion chamber.

Inform ATC.

None. The go around procedure is distinct from the take off procedure. You will still have an acceleration altitude, but you will not have a screen height, V1, Vr, V2, flap retraction altitude, etc.

A wing tip is the part of the wing that is the most distant from the fuselage of a fixed-wing aircraft.

Departure is an east-west distance along a parallel line of latitude, other than the equator.

Departure is calculated by: Change of longitude(minutes) x cosine of latitude.

Because usually the heated air bypasses the air filter, therefore it is possible for dust to enter the engine and so exposing the engine to unnecessary engine wear.

Mcrit

Meridians converge from their maximum distance apart (at the equator) to the poles where they meet.

Great circles are the shortest distance between two points and convergency represents the change in direction experienced between those points.

N1= Low pressure compressor spool or fan rotation speed. Usually expressed as a % of Max N1.

N2= High pressure compressor rotation speed.

EGT= Exhaust gas temperature, indicates the temperature at the first stage of the turbine, which is the most critical temperature in the engine.

EPR= Engine pressure ratio of the inlet to the jet pipe, displayed on the EPR gauge to use as a parameter for setting engine thrust

For every 1kg of air passing through the combustion chamber, 11kg of air pass bypass the combustion chamber.