To monitor the flight management and aircraft control actions of the Pilot Flying and carry out support duties such as communications and check-list reading.

This speed is defined to be equal to the greater of stall speed (Vso) multiplied by 1.3, or stall speed (Vs1g) multiplied by 1.23.

The landing configuration that is to be taken into consideration can be defined by either the operator or by the aeroplane manufacturer but is most commonly assigned by the manufacturer.

Example answer for a candidate with previous Seneca experience:

Weights:

Max all up weight – take off 4570lbs Max all up weight – landing 4340lbs Empty weight - 2830lbs Usefull load - 1740lbs

Speeds:

Clean stall 66kts with flaps 60kts Vyse 89kts Cruise 140kts gear raising 107kts – lowering 129kts. Vne 195

The 6 cyclinder teledyne continental turbo- charged, fuel injected engines provide 200 hp at 2575.

Left engine rotated clockwise and right anti clockwise.

No critical engine, RayGay turbo’s 42” MAP, 40” limit at lower levels, cowl flaps provide cooling and has 3 positions, open mid and closed.

Avgas 100/130

Props 2 or 3 blade, constant speed, hydraulically actuated, fully feathering.

Oil keeps props at fine pitch, gas and air keep the rpm towards feather. Takes 6 seconds to feather and must happen before locks engage at 800 rpm.

Limit load factor 3.8G

Fuel 2 x 54 (64US) gallons tanks 8 quarts oil max 6 Min

Retractable gear – hydraulic pumps – electrically driven. 6-7 seconds transit

Nose gear has 27 degrees castor.

Main wheels 55psi, nose wheel 31psi

Cable operated controls, all moving stabilator with anti servo tab which acts as a trim.

Frise ailerons and differential ailerons, up more than down.

Manual flaps, 3 settings, 10, 25, 40 degrees.

4.5” – 5.2” hg suction – AH, DI.

Heated lift deflectors and stall warners, anti ice.

35 ft

For Reference:

• 50ft for Class B or A (<15° AoB at take-off or normal landings)

• 35ft for Class A (dry take-off or steep approach)

• 15ft for Class A (wet take-off)

When rolling the aircraft the up-going wing will experience more drag than the down-going wing. This will result in a yawing moment that directly opposes the desired direction of turn. (i.e.: rolling left will cause a right yaw.)

To be within aircraft design limitations with regards to:

Structural limitations

Stability

Take-off and landing performance

The mode control panel is used to select the autothrottle, autopilot, and flight director operating modes. The flight mode annunciator displays current flight modes.

A stall strip, usually located close to the wing root, causes the airflow to separate at a lower angle of attack and ensures that the wing root stalls before the wing tips.

Wingtip vortices are tubes of circulating air that are left behind a wing as it generates lift.

They are caused by the difference in pressure above and below the wing causing the air to 'escape' from the high pressure area below the wing to the low pressure area above the wing, by rolling around the tip of the wing. This creates a vortex that trails behind the wing.

Cumulonimbus clouds

Thunderstorms

Virga